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The term 'athletic shoes' is typically used for shoes utilized for jogging or road running and indoor sports such as basketball, but tends to exclude shoes for sports played on grass such as association football and rugby football, which are generally known in North America as "cleats" and in British English as "boots" or "studs".
Attributes of an athletic shoe include a flexible sole, appropriate tread for the function, and ability to absorb impact. As the industry and designs have expanded, the term "athletic shoes" is based more on the design of the bottom of the shoe than the aesthetics of the top of the shoe. Today's designs include sandals, Mary Janes, and even elevated styles suitable for running, dancing, and jumping.
The shoes themselves are made of flexible compounds, typically featuring a sole made of dense rubber. While the original design was basic, manufacturers have since tailored athletic shoes for their specific purposes. An example of this is the spiked shoe developed for track running. Some of these shoes are made up to unusually large sizes for athletes with large feet.
Running shoes
Running shoes come in a range of shapes suited to different running styles/abilities. Generally, they are divided by running style: the majority are for heel-toe joggers/runners which are further subdivided into 'neutral', 'overpronation' and 'underpronation'.[19] However, most evidence-based comparisons show no reduction in lower-limb running injuries from prescribing different types of shoe for different foot types.[20] The shoes are constructed with a complex structure of "rubber" with plastic/metal stiffeners to restrict foot movement. More advanced runners tend to wear flatter and flexible shoes, which allow them to run more quickly with greater comfort.
According to the NPD Group, one in four pairs of running shoes that were sold in the United States in 2016 were bought from an online retailer.[21]
Notable brands
As of 2020, brands with global popularity include:
Types and number of models
- High-tops cover the ankle.
- Low-tops or oxfords do not cover the ankle.
- Mid-cut sneakers are in-between high-tops and low-tops.
- Sneaker boots extend to the calf.
- Slip-ons like low-tops/oxfords do not cover the ankle and do not have laces.
- Low-top CVO (Circular Vamp Oxford) like low-tops do not cover the ankle but unlike low-tops have a vamp in a circular form and typically four to five eyelets.
- High-top CVO (Circular Vamp Oxford) like high-tops cover the ankle and also have a circular vamp.
Culture
Sneakers have been an important part of hip hop (primarily Pumas, Nike, and Adidas) and rock 'n roll (Converse, Vans) cultures since the 1970s. Hip hop artists sign million dollar deals with major brands such as Nike, Adidas, or Puma to promote their shoes.[22][citation needed] Sneaker collectors, called "sneakerheads", regard sneakers as fashionable items. Sneaker companies encourage this trend by producing rare sneakers in limited numbers, often at very high retail prices. Artistically-modified sneakers can sell for upwards of $1000 at exclusive establishments like Saks Fifth Avenue.[23] In 2005, a documentary, Just for Kicks, about the sneaker phenomenon and history was released.[24][citation needed]
See also
References
- ^
- ^ Cheah, Lynette; Ciceri, Natalia Duque; Olivetti, Elsa; Matsumura, Seiko; Forterre, Dai; Roth, Richard; Kirchain, Randolph (2013-04-01). "Manufacturing-focused emissions reductions in footwear production". Journal of Cleaner Production. 44: 18–29. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.037. hdl:1721.1/102070. ISSN 0959-6526.
- ^ Jump up to:a b "Are Eco-Runners The Next 'It' Trainer?". British Vogue. 21 October 2019. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
- ^ Hoskins, Tansy E. (2020-03-21). "'Some soles last 1,000 years in landfill': the truth about the sneaker mountain". The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
- ^ Katz, Josh (25 October 2016). Speaking American: How Y'all, Youse, and You Guys Talk: A Visual Guide. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-0544703391. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
- ^ Hickey, Walter (5 June 2013). "22 Maps That Show How Americans Speak English Totally Differently From One Another". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
- ^ "The modern guide to Aussie slang | Study in Australia".
- ^ "Geordie Dictionary". www.englandsnortheast.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
- ^ Pettman, Charles (1913). Africanderisms: A Glossary of South African Colloquial Words and Phrases and of Place and Other Names. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 491. ISBN 1515051226.
- ^ Mental Floss magazine, Sept-Oct 2008
- ^ Robinson, Frederick William (1863). Female life in prison, by a prison matron. Hurst and Blackett. ISBN 9781341245022.
- ^ Susie Dent (2011). How to Talk Like a Local: From Cockney to Geordie. Random House. p. 99. ISBN 9781409061953.
- ^ Foster, Rachael. "Foster's Famous Shoes". Bolton Revisited. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
- ^ Smit, Barbara (2009). Sneaker Wars. New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-124658-6.
- ^ "Exploring the History of Basketball Shoes". Sports Domain Lab. 18 March 2019.
- ^ "How Adidas and PUMA were born". in.rediff.com. 8 November 2005. Retrieved 26 September 2010.
- ^ Pribut, Stephen M. "A Sneaker Odyssey". Dr. Stephen M. Pribut's Sport Pages. 2002. Web. 23 June 2010.
- ^ Aichner, T. and Coletti, P. 2013. "Customers' online shopping preferences in mass customization". Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 15(1): 20-35.
- ^ "Understand pronation to get the correct running shoes". Comfort Hacks. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
- ^ Relph, Nicola; et al. (22 August 2022). "Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (8): CD013368. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013368.pub2. PMC 9394464. PMID 35993829..
- ^ Chesto, Jon (2017-07-19). "New City Sports owners plot revival of Boston brand". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 2017-07-21. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
- ^ Belzer, Jason. "Sneaker Wars: Kanye West Signs Deal with Adidas, Drake with Jordan Brand". Forbes. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
- ^ 2014 Saks Fifth Avenue catalog
- ^ History of Sneakers http://theidleman.com/history-of-sneakers
External links
The term 'athletic shoes' is typically used for shoes utilized for jogging or road running and indoor sports such as basketball, but tends to exclude shoes for sports played on grass such as association football and rugby football, which are generally known in North America as "cleats" and in British English as "boots" or "studs".
Attributes of an athletic shoe include a flexible sole, appropriate tread for the function, and ability to absorb impact. As the industry and designs have expanded, the term "athletic shoes" is based more on the design of the bottom of the shoe than the aesthetics of the top of the shoe. Today's designs include sandals, Mary Janes, and even elevated styles suitable for running, dancing, and jumping.
The shoes themselves are made of flexible compounds, typically featuring a sole made of dense rubber. While the original design was basic, manufacturers have since tailored athletic shoes for their specific purposes. An example of this is the spiked shoe developed for track running. Some of these shoes are made up to unusually large sizes for athletes with large feet.
Running shoes
Running shoes come in a range of shapes suited to different running styles/abilities. Generally, they are divided by running style: the majority are for heel-toe joggers/runners which are further subdivided into 'neutral', 'overpronation' and 'underpronation'.[19] However, most evidence-based comparisons show no reduction in lower-limb running injuries from prescribing different types of shoe for different foot types.[20] The shoes are constructed with a complex structure of "rubber" with plastic/metal stiffeners to restrict foot movement. More advanced runners tend to wear flatter and flexible shoes, which allow them to run more quickly with greater comfort.
According to the NPD Group, one in four pairs of running shoes that were sold in the United States in 2016 were bought from an online retailer.[21]
Notable brands
As of 2020, brands with global popularity include:
Types and number of models
- High-tops cover the ankle.
- Low-tops or oxfords do not cover the ankle.
- Mid-cut sneakers are in-between high-tops and low-tops.
- Sneaker boots extend to the calf.
- Slip-ons like low-tops/oxfords do not cover the ankle and do not have laces.
- Low-top CVO (Circular Vamp Oxford) like low-tops do not cover the ankle but unlike low-tops have a vamp in a circular form and typically four to five eyelets.
- High-top CVO (Circular Vamp Oxford) like high-tops cover the ankle and also have a circular vamp.
Culture
Sneakers have been an important part of hip hop (primarily Pumas, Nike, and Adidas) and rock 'n roll (Converse, Vans) cultures since the 1970s. Hip hop artists sign million dollar deals with major brands such as Nike, Adidas, or Puma to promote their shoes.[22][citation needed] Sneaker collectors, called "sneakerheads", regard sneakers as fashionable items. Sneaker companies encourage this trend by producing rare sneakers in limited numbers, often at very high retail prices. Artistically-modified sneakers can sell for upwards of $1000 at exclusive establishments like Saks Fifth Avenue.[23] In 2005, a documentary, Just for Kicks, about the sneaker phenomenon and history was released.[24][citation needed]
See also
References
- ^
- ^ Cheah, Lynette; Ciceri, Natalia Duque; Olivetti, Elsa; Matsumura, Seiko; Forterre, Dai; Roth, Richard; Kirchain, Randolph (2013-04-01). "Manufacturing-focused emissions reductions in footwear production". Journal of Cleaner Production. 44: 18–29. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.037. hdl:1721.1/102070. ISSN 0959-6526.
- ^ Jump up to:a b "Are Eco-Runners The Next 'It' Trainer?". British Vogue. 21 October 2019. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
- ^ Hoskins, Tansy E. (2020-03-21). "'Some soles last 1,000 years in landfill': the truth about the sneaker mountain". The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
- ^ Katz, Josh (25 October 2016). Speaking American: How Y'all, Youse, and You Guys Talk: A Visual Guide. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-0544703391. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
- ^ Hickey, Walter (5 June 2013). "22 Maps That Show How Americans Speak English Totally Differently From One Another". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
- ^ "The modern guide to Aussie slang | Study in Australia".
- ^ "Geordie Dictionary". www.englandsnortheast.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
- ^ Pettman, Charles (1913). Africanderisms: A Glossary of South African Colloquial Words and Phrases and of Place and Other Names. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 491. ISBN 1515051226.
- ^ Mental Floss magazine, Sept-Oct 2008
- ^ Robinson, Frederick William (1863). Female life in prison, by a prison matron. Hurst and Blackett. ISBN 9781341245022.
- ^ Susie Dent (2011). How to Talk Like a Local: From Cockney to Geordie. Random House. p. 99. ISBN 9781409061953.
- ^ Foster, Rachael. "Foster's Famous Shoes". Bolton Revisited. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
- ^ Smit, Barbara (2009). Sneaker Wars. New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-124658-6.
- ^ "Exploring the History of Basketball Shoes". Sports Domain Lab. 18 March 2019.
- ^ "How Adidas and PUMA were born". in.rediff.com. 8 November 2005. Retrieved 26 September 2010.
- ^ Pribut, Stephen M. "A Sneaker Odyssey". Dr. Stephen M. Pribut's Sport Pages. 2002. Web. 23 June 2010.
- ^ Aichner, T. and Coletti, P. 2013. "Customers' online shopping preferences in mass customization". Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 15(1): 20-35.
- ^ "Understand pronation to get the correct running shoes". Comfort Hacks. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
- ^ Relph, Nicola; et al. (22 August 2022). "Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (8): CD013368. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013368.pub2. PMC 9394464. PMID 35993829..
- ^ Chesto, Jon (2017-07-19). "New City Sports owners plot revival of Boston brand". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 2017-07-21. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
- ^ Belzer, Jason. "Sneaker Wars: Kanye West Signs Deal with Adidas, Drake with Jordan Brand". Forbes. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
- ^ 2014 Saks Fifth Avenue catalog
- ^ History of Sneakers http://theidleman.com/history-of-sneakers
External links
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